ADHD & Relationships

ADHD medications are thought to work by increasing the levels of certain neurotransmitters in the brain that play a role in one's ability to maintain attention, focus, and behavior. The most commonly prescribed medications for ADHD are stimulants, such as methylphenidate (Ritalin) and amphetamines (Adderall). Stimulant medications are thought to work by increasing the levels of dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain. This can help improve focus, attention, impulse control, regulating the brain's reward, and motivation systems. When combined with therapy and other integrative treatments, individuals increase their ability to prioritize tasks and regulate emotions, ultimately reducing things like procrastination. In addition to stimulant medications, there are also non-stimulant medications that can be used to treat ADHD. These medications work by targeting neurotransmitters overtime. Some of the non-stimulant medications used to treat ADHD are alpha-2 agonists, such as clonidine (Catapres) and guanfacine (Intuniv). These medications are thought to work by increasing the levels of certain chemicals in the prefrontal cortex of the brain, which can help improve executive functioning. For some people, can also help reduce hyperactivity and impulsivity symptoms in some people with ADHD. Another class of non-stimulant medications used to treat ADHD are the selective norepinephrine re-uptake inhibitors (SNRIs), such as atomoxetine (Strattera). These medications work by blocking the reuptake of norepinephrine in the brain, which can help improve attention, focus, and impulse control. Non-stimulant take longer to start working than stimulant medications. Additionally, just because they are non-stimulants, doesn't mean they're free of side effects. Non-stimulants may have side effects such as drowsiness, dry mouth, and constipation. When taken as prescribed, ADHD medications can help reduce hyperactivity, impulsivity, and inattention symptoms in people with ADHD. They can also improve academic and occupational performance, and help improve social relationships and overall quality of life. It's important to note that ADHD medication is not a cure for ADHD. Medications are not the best solution for everyone. It is possible to manage ADHD without medications with an integrative approach that optimizes routines through exercise, behavioral modifications, and nutritional counseling. And, everyone on medication for ADHD should also be incorporating holistic treatments like therapy, exercise, and nutrition counseling.

The choice of ADHD medication for adults depends on several factors, including an individual's symptoms, medical history, and potential side effects. With integrative psychiatry, we are empowered to treat conditions holistically, including ADHD. Medications should never be the only intervention, especially for ADHD. There are several types of medications used to treat ADHD in adults, including stimulants and non-stimulants. Stimulant medications, such as methylphenidate (e.g., Ritalin, Concerta) and amphetamine (e.g., Adderall, Vyvanse), are often the medications for ADHD in adults. These medications are thought to work by increasing the levels of dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain, which can improve attention, focus, and impulse control. Non-stimulant medications, such as atomoxetine (e.g., Strattera) and guanfacine (e.g., Intuniv), can also be used to treat ADHD in adults. These medications are thought to work by increasing neurotransmitters in the brain, which can improve attention and impulse control. Non-stimulants take up to 6 weeks to begin working. Treating ADHD holistically increases the rate of success. This includes therapy, optimizing nutrition and exercise, and building healthy routines. Medication-only treatment plans tend to become less effective over time, leaving individuals frustrated as a result.

It is possible for ADHD medication to cause or exacerbate anxiety symptoms in some people. Stimulant medications, such as methylphenidate (Ritalin) and amphetamines (Adderall), are the most commonly prescribed medications for ADHD. While these medications can be effective in reducing symptoms of ADHD, they can also have side effects, including anxiety. Stimulant medications work by increasing the levels of dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain, which can improve focus and attention. However, these neurotransmitters can also contribute to anxiety symptoms, particularly at higher doses or in people who are already prone to anxiety. The risk of experiencing anxiety as a side effect of ADHD medication varies from person to person. Some people may experience no anxiety symptoms, while others may experience mild to severe anxiety. If you are experiencing anxiety symptoms while taking ADHD medication, it is important to talk to your provider, as they can help determine if the medication is causing the anxiety and if any adjustments need to be made to your treatment plan. In some cases, switching to a different medication or adjusting the dosage of the current medication can help alleviate anxiety symptoms. While some might consider adding an anti-anxiety medication, I think it’s best take a step back and prioritize our treatment focus. Integrative psychiatry helps us treat ADHD from a holistic perspective, with more than medication. Things like exercise, nutrition, and our routines significant impact ADHD. It is possible to manage ADHD without medication, though medication can provide us with good support when prescribed appropriately.

Weight gain is a possible side effect of some ADHD medications, although it doesn't happen to everyone and is less common. Weight gain with ADHD medication is more likely from a change in metabolism. The risk of weight gain is more common with non-stimulant medications and may vary depending on the medication, the dosage, and individual factors such as age, sex, and genetic makeup. Recognizing an individual's unique characteristics can help ADHD medications be more effective with fewer side effects, especially when combined with other holistic treatments. Stimulant medications, such as methylphenidate (e.g., Ritalin, Concerta) and amphetamine (e.g., Adderall, Vyvanse), can sometimes cause a decrease in appetite, which can lead to weight loss. However, once the medication wears off, some people may experience an increase in appetite, which can lead to weight gain over time. Non-stimulant medications, such as atomoxetine (e.g., Strattera), are less likely to cause weight changes than stimulant medications. However, some people may experience appetite changes or other side effects that could lead to weight changes. This is why a holistic treatment approach that includes nutritional and exercise counseling is critical for any diagnosis, especially ADHD. Not only can ADHD be worsened when nutrition and exercise are out whack, but the medications used for ADHD can contribute to unhealthy eating cycles as well as dependency.

The use of ADHD medication during pregnancy is a complex issue, and the risks and benefits of treatment must be carefully considered for each individual. Using an integrative approach is an effective way to treat all mental health concerns, including ADHD. Stimulant medications, such as methylphenidate (e.g., Ritalin, Concerta) and amphetamine (e.g., Adderall, Vyvanse), are the most commonly used medications for ADHD treatment. Some studies have suggested that these medications may be safe during pregnancy, but there is still limited research on the long-term effects of stimulant use during pregnancy. Non-stimulant medications, such as atomoxetine (e.g., Strattera), may be an alternative to stimulant medication during pregnancy. While non-stimulant medications may have fewer risks for the developing fetus, there is still limited research on their safety during pregnancy. If you are pregnant and have ADHD, it is important to discuss your treatment options with your provider. Weighing the risks and benefits of medication is always important with medication. Sometimes the risk isn't worth it, especially when things like procrastination are more effectively managed long-term with coaching and therapy. Non-medication treatments, like the interventions used with an integrative approach, can improve symptoms of ADHD. These treatments include therapy, nutritional counseling, exercise planning, and coaching to build healthy routines. Women who are pregnant, especially, should consider these treatments. It is my belief that medication for ADHD should never be prescribed as a singular treatment and should always be a part of a comprehensive treatment plan. Holistic treatment for ADHD increases the chances of long-term success and empower individuals to take control of their lives instead of giving medication the upper hand.